56 research outputs found
Kunnskapskilder i sosialt arbeid med etniske minoriteter: Veier til forstÄelse eller til fordommer?
Denne masteroppgaven forsÞker Ä finne ut noe om sosialarbeideres oppfatning og forstÄelse
av kildene de bruker i mĂžte med etniske minoriteter. Hvilken kunnskap kildene gir og
hvordan dette pÄvirker dem i det daglige arbeidet er sentrale spÞrsmÄl. Jeg er opptatt av om og
i sÄ fall hvordan sosialt arbeids verdier og idealer kan utfordres av kunnskapen. I denne
oppgaven stĂ„r det âĂ„ forstĂ„ den andreâ, med alt det medfĂžrer, sentralt. Intervjuene er gjort ved
to NAV sosialtjenester i en storby i Norge. Jeg har valgt en tilnÊrming som baserer seg pÄ
kvalitative intervju. Det er gjennomfĂžrt to gruppeintervjuer og fire oppfĂžlgingsintervjuer.
Kunnskap og forstÄelse har vÊrt kjernebegreper i denne oppgaven. Informasjonen fra
intervjuene ble drĂžftet i lys av begreper fra blant annet Gadamers bidrag til hermeneutikk og
Polanyis perspektiv pÄ kunnskap. I tillegg er supplerende begreper tatt med for Ä utdype
forstÄelse og kunnskap. Blant dem er for eksempel fordommer. Andre faktorer og rammeverk
er ogsÄ trukket inn i den grad det har blitt sett pÄ som relevant.
I intervjuene kom det frem at kildene til kunnskap om etniske minoriteter var mangfoldige.
Noen kilder ble mer vektlagt av informantene enn andre. De oppga tjenestemottakeren som
den viktigste kilden. Informantene fortalte ogsÄ at de opplevde at kildene fokuserte mye pÄ
ulikhet og begrensninger. Men i tillegg fortalte de om kilder som ga kunnskap om og
forstÄelse av likhet. Under intervjuene ble det ogsÄ snakket mye om fordommer. Kuratorene
satte blant annet spÞrsmÄlstegn ved forskjellen pÄ kunnskap og fordom.
Studien viser at sosialt arbeid pÄvirkes, og til en viss grad utfordres av kunnskapen fra
kildene. Ulikhet og begrensninger overkommuniseres, noe som kan pÄvirke hvordan
sosialarbeiderne forstÄr den andre. Brukermedvirkning, Äpenhet, Ä se individet og ikke
gruppen han eller hun er en del av, er andre verdier som utfordres. Kuratorene i undersĂžkelsen
vektlegger en holdning om at mennesker er forskjellige, og at det er kunnskap fra selve
mottakeren som er viktig for Ä forstÄ hvordan han eller hun har det. De er opptatte av Ä vÊre
Ă„pne for mottakerens virkelighet. Intervjuene viser at denne holdningen noen ganger utfordres
av kunnskapskildene. Egen arbeidserfaring og media nevnes spesifikt. Utfordringene kommer
spesielt til uttrykk nÄr det er snakk om fordommer. Studien viser ogsÄ at det kan vÊre
vanskelig Ă„ definere fordom og hva det er.This masterâs thesis attempts to explore social workersâ perceptions and understanding of the
sources they make use of in dealing with ethnic minorities. Important questions are what
knowledge the sources provide and how this affects the social workers in their daily work. I
am concerned with whether, and if so, how the values and ideals of social work can be
challenged by the knowledge. âTo understand the otherâ with all that it entails, is central to
this thesis. The interviews have been carried out at social services branches in a Norwegian
city. I have chosen an approach based on qualitative interviews. Two group interviews and
four follow-up interviews have been conducted.
Knowledge and understanding have been core issues in this thesis. The information from the
interviews has been discussed in light of concepts from, among other sources, Gadamerâs
contribution to hermeneutics and Polanyiâs perspective on knowledge. Additionally,
supplementary concepts have been included to deepen the account of understanding and
knowledge. Among these is prejudice. Other factors and frameworks are brought in to the
degree that they have been viewed as relevant.
The interviews revealed that the sources of knowledge of ethnic minorities were manifold.
Some sources were emphasized more than others by the informants. They declared the social
service recipient to be the most important source. The informants expressed that they
perceived the sources to accentuate difference and constraints. But they also told of sources
providing knowledge and understanding of similarity. Prejudice was also a recurrent topic
during the interviews. Among other things, the social workers questioned the difference
between knowledge and prejudice.
The study shows that social work is affected, and to a certain degree, challenged by the
knowledge provided by the sources. Difference and constraints are overcommunicated, which
may affect how social workers understand âthe otherâ. Client participation, open-mindedness
, and to see the individual rather than the group of which he or she is a member, are values
being challenged. The social workers emphasize a view of all people as being different and
that knowledge provided by the recipient is the key to understand how he or she is doing.
They are concerned with being open to reality as experienced by the recipient. The interviews
demonstrate that this outlook is sometimes challenged by the sources of knowledge. Own
work experience and the media are mentioned specifically. The challenges become explicit
when talking of prejudice. The study also shows that defining prejudice can be difficult.Master i sosialt arbei
Spatial metaphors of the ancient world: theory and practice
Group C-2 of the Excellence Cluster 264 Topoi Space and Metaphor in Language, Cognition, and Texts is dedicated to the study of spatial metaphors and their functions in texts of different genres, languages, and epochs. This outline of the work of group C-2 takes as its point of departure and theoretical framework a general linguistic typology of spatial metaphors. This outline is followed by a series of case studies ranging from wisdom texts and philosophical treatises to tragedy and from Ancient Egyptian to Shakespearean English. These examples are aimed at illustrating both the challenges and the possibilities of the study and interpretation of spatial metaphors in their respective contexts
Literatur-Rundschau
Uwe Hunger/Kathrin Kissau (Hg .): Internet und Migration. Theoretische ZugÀnge und empirische Befunde (Charlotte Horn)Anne Weibert: Ein Ganzes im lokalen Rahmen. Vom integrativen Potenzial der Lokalberichterstattung in Deutschland und den USA (Charlotte Horn)Denise Bieler: Public Relations und Massenkommunikation . Einrichtung von Pressestellen um die Wende des 20 . Jahrhunderts (Renate Hackel-de Latour)
Development and Validation of Markers for the Fertility Restorer Gene Rf1 in Sunflower
Hybrid breeding in sunflowers based on CMS PET1 requires development of restorer lines carrying, in most cases, the restorer gene Rf1. Markers for marker-assisted selection have been developed, but there is still need for closer, more versatile, and co-dominant markers linked to Rf1. Homology searches against the reference sunflower genome using sequences of cloned markers, as well as Bacterial Artificial Chromosome (BAC)-end sequences of clones hybridizing to them, allowed the identification of two genomic regions of 30 and 3.9 Mb, respectively, as possible physical locations of the restorer gene Rf1 on linkage group 13. Nine potential candidate genes, encoding six pentatricopeptide repeat proteins, one tetratricopeptide-like helical domain, a probable aldehyde dehydrogenase 22A1, and a probable poly(A) polymerase 3 (PAPS3), were identified in these two genomic regions. Amplicon targeted next generation sequencing of these nine candidate genes for Rf1 was performed in an association panel consisting of 27 maintainer and 32 restorer lines and revealed the presence of 210 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) and 67 Insertions/Deletions (INDELs). Association studies showed significant associations of 10 SNPs with fertility restoration (p-value lt 10(-4)), narrowing Rf1 down to three candidate genes. Three new markers, one co-dominant marker 67N04_P and two dominant markers, PPR621.5R for restorer, and PPR621.5M for maintainer lines were developed and verified in the association panel of 59 sunflower lines. The versatility of the three newly developed markers, as well as of three existing markers for the restorer gene Rf1 (HRG01 and HRG02, Cleaved Amplified Polymorphic Sequence (CAPS)-marker H13), was analyzed in a large association panel consisting of 557 accessions
Association studies and marker development for the fertility restorer gene Rf1 in sunflower
Fertility restoration is an essential part of hybrid breeding based on cytoplasmic male sterility. In sunflower, the CMS PET1 originating from an interspecific hybridization between Helianthus petiolaris and H. annuus is world-wide used in hybrid breeding. The restorer gene Rf1 is responsible for restoring fertility in the hybrids by specifically reducing the co-transcript of atp1 and the CMS-specific orfH522 in the anthers. From the mode of action (differences in RNA stability) Rf1 could be a pentatricopeptide repeat gene. Blasting BAC-end sequences and sequences of markers linked to the restorer gene Rf1 two physical locations (encompassing 30 Mb and 3.9 Mb, respectively) on linkage group 13 could be identified in the sunflower genome sequence of HanXRQ. These two regions contained nine possible candidate genes for Rf1: seven pentatricopeptide repeat genes, one aldehyde dehydrogenase and one poly(A) polymerase 3 gene. Using a next generation sequencing approach, the nine candidate genes were sequenced with 120 x coverage in an association panel of 59 lines (27 maintainer and 32 restorer lines) and 210 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as well as 67 insertions/deletions (InDels) could be identified
Interleukin-6-dependent survival of multiple myeloma cells involves the Stat3-mediated induction of micro-RNA-21 through a highly conserved enhancer
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) is implicated in the pathogenesis of many malignancies and essential for IL-6âdependent survival and growth of multiple myeloma cells. Here, we demonstrate that the gene encoding oncogenic microRNA-21 (miR-21) is controlled by an upstream enhancer containing 2 Stat3 binding sites strictly conserved since the first observed evolutionary appearance of miR-21 and Stat3. MiR-21 induction by IL-6 was strictly Stat3 dependent. Ectopically raising miR-21 expression in myeloma cells in the absence of IL-6 significantly reduced their apoptosis levels. These data provide strong evidence that miR-21 induction contributes to the oncogenic potential of Stat3
Molecular analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana transparent testa (tt) genes in Brassica napus
Lotz T, Snowdon R, Horn R, et al. Molecular analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana transparent testa (tt) genes in Brassica napus. In: PLANT BREEDING Opportunities for new cruciferous crops. Rapeseed Congress Proceedings. 2003
Molecular markers for detection of Rf1 gene developed from BAC-end sequences in sunflower
Sunflower is the second most common crop among hybrids, worldwide. Development of cytoplasmic male sterile and fertility restoration lines enables creation of hybrids. Sunflower hybrid breeding most frequently relies on the combination of the CMS PET1 cytoplasm and the fertility restoration gene Rf1. Use of molecular markers can accelerate creation of restorer lines. Previous work on this subject included mapping of the Rf1 gene on chromosome 13 and development of bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) libraries for the restorer line RHA325 and the maintainer line HA383, which enabled positioning of BAC clones surrounding the Rf1 gene in the cross RHA325 x HA342. In this study, BAC-end sequences were used to derive primers in order to amplify selected regions from RHA325 and the maintainer line, HA342. While the majority of primer combinations were monomorphic, some were polymorphic between RHA325 and HA342. Previously reported markers for detection of Rf1 gene and newly developed ones based on BAC-end sequences were further tested on hybrids and its components (A, B and R lines) created at the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad
Zuordnungen in Bewegung : Geschlecht und sexuelle Orientierung quer durch die Disziplinen
Durch aktuelle gesellschaftspolitische und rechtliche Debatten um geschlechtliche und sexuelle Vielfalt ist einiges in Bewegung geraten: Tradierte (Zu-)Ordnungen von Geschlecht sind durchlĂ€ssiger geworden, strikte Regulierungen von SexualitĂ€t(en) sind aufgebrochen. Soziale Wirklichkeiten scheinen nun pluralisiert und neue Chancen fĂŒr selbstbestimmte LebensÂweisen eröffnet. Zugleich haben institutionalisierte Vorstellungen von binĂ€ren GeÂschlechÂterdifferenzen und von HeterosexualitĂ€t Spuren hinterlassen, die als âEinschreibungenâ der sozialen VerhĂ€ltnisse weiter existieren.
Der vorliegende Band ist das Ergebnis interdisziplinĂ€rer Reflexionen in den Sozial- und Geisteswissenschaften. Die BeitrĂ€ge geben einen Einblick in unterschiedliche disziplinĂ€re Perspektiven auf Gender- und SexualitĂ€ts(zu)ordnungen. Sie spannen die Breite der ForÂschungsfelder mit ihrem jeweiligen Bezug zu Alltagspraktiken auf; vor dem Hintergrund der Fachkulturen und wissenschaftlichen Entwicklungen beleuchten sie begriffliche Konzepte, Fragestellungen sowie Arbeitsweisen und reflektieren vor allem auch die Gleichzeitigkeit von KontinuitĂ€t, Wandel und neuen Normierungsprozessen.Der vorliegende Band ist das Ergebnis interdisziplinĂ€rer Reflexionen in den Sozial- und Geisteswissenschaften. Die BeitrĂ€ge geben einen Einblick in unterschiedliche disziplinĂ€re Perspektiven auf Gender- und SexualitĂ€ts(zu)ordnungen. Sie spannen die Breite der ForÂschungsfelder mit ihrem jeweiligen Bezug zu Alltagspraktiken auf; vor dem Hintergrund der Fachkulturen und wissenschaftlichen Entwicklungen beleuchten sie begriffliche Konzepte, Fragestellungen sowie Arbeitsweisen und reflektieren vor allem auch die Gleichzeitigkeit von KontinuitĂ€t, Wandel und neuen Normierungsprozesse
Kunnskapskilder i sosialt arbeid med etniske minoriteter: Veier til forstÄelse eller til fordommer?
Denne masteroppgaven forsÞker Ä finne ut noe om sosialarbeideres oppfatning og forstÄelse
av kildene de bruker i mĂžte med etniske minoriteter. Hvilken kunnskap kildene gir og
hvordan dette pÄvirker dem i det daglige arbeidet er sentrale spÞrsmÄl. Jeg er opptatt av om og
i sÄ fall hvordan sosialt arbeids verdier og idealer kan utfordres av kunnskapen. I denne
oppgaven stĂ„r det âĂ„ forstĂ„ den andreâ, med alt det medfĂžrer, sentralt. Intervjuene er gjort ved
to NAV sosialtjenester i en storby i Norge. Jeg har valgt en tilnÊrming som baserer seg pÄ
kvalitative intervju. Det er gjennomfĂžrt to gruppeintervjuer og fire oppfĂžlgingsintervjuer.
Kunnskap og forstÄelse har vÊrt kjernebegreper i denne oppgaven. Informasjonen fra
intervjuene ble drĂžftet i lys av begreper fra blant annet Gadamers bidrag til hermeneutikk og
Polanyis perspektiv pÄ kunnskap. I tillegg er supplerende begreper tatt med for Ä utdype
forstÄelse og kunnskap. Blant dem er for eksempel fordommer. Andre faktorer og rammeverk
er ogsÄ trukket inn i den grad det har blitt sett pÄ som relevant.
I intervjuene kom det frem at kildene til kunnskap om etniske minoriteter var mangfoldige.
Noen kilder ble mer vektlagt av informantene enn andre. De oppga tjenestemottakeren som
den viktigste kilden. Informantene fortalte ogsÄ at de opplevde at kildene fokuserte mye pÄ
ulikhet og begrensninger. Men i tillegg fortalte de om kilder som ga kunnskap om og
forstÄelse av likhet. Under intervjuene ble det ogsÄ snakket mye om fordommer. Kuratorene
satte blant annet spÞrsmÄlstegn ved forskjellen pÄ kunnskap og fordom.
Studien viser at sosialt arbeid pÄvirkes, og til en viss grad utfordres av kunnskapen fra
kildene. Ulikhet og begrensninger overkommuniseres, noe som kan pÄvirke hvordan
sosialarbeiderne forstÄr den andre. Brukermedvirkning, Äpenhet, Ä se individet og ikke
gruppen han eller hun er en del av, er andre verdier som utfordres. Kuratorene i undersĂžkelsen
vektlegger en holdning om at mennesker er forskjellige, og at det er kunnskap fra selve
mottakeren som er viktig for Ä forstÄ hvordan han eller hun har det. De er opptatte av Ä vÊre
Ă„pne for mottakerens virkelighet. Intervjuene viser at denne holdningen noen ganger utfordres
av kunnskapskildene. Egen arbeidserfaring og media nevnes spesifikt. Utfordringene kommer
spesielt til uttrykk nÄr det er snakk om fordommer. Studien viser ogsÄ at det kan vÊre
vanskelig Ă„ definere fordom og hva det er
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